How to build a barn do it yourself

The presence of different outbuildings on the site provides easy storage of firewood, garden and garden tools, various tools. They are also suitable for breeding livestock, keeping birds. It is quite realistic to build a high-quality and reliable shed with your own hands, if you gradually decide from what materials the utility unit will be built, what requirements it must meet. Using detailed descriptions of different types of raw materials, their features and advantages, you can easily determine the optimal building materials for work. Also, you will be useful and step by step instructions telling how you can build a barn of wood, foam block or metal. We recommend to pay special attention to the interior and to equip the economic unit according to its purpose.

Pros and cons of the barn

A roomy shed at the site provides the proper storage conditions for inventory, eliminating the appearance of corrosion on the tools. It also enables the organization of a vegetable pit (in the basement of an outbuilding) for the simplicity of stocks of products until the very spring. Another shed can be used to accommodate livestock or birds, to become an excellent workshop. Therefore, the need for the construction of the object depends on the needs of the owners of the cottage or residential building. But at the same time the presence of a barn can also reduce the effective area of ​​the plot: a vegetable garden, a garden or a yard. In addition, even the smallest hozblok must comply with accepted standards of construction. When building it, you should remember about the special organization of the floor in the structure for keeping livestock and follow the rules for organizing water flow from the roof.


Choosing a place to build

Determination of the location of the economic unit should take into account sanitary and construction standards. Therefore, without taking into account the plan of the land plot and drawing up an accurate drawing is simply not enough. Before building a barn, consider the following requirements:

  1. The distance from the house to the house or facility for livestock should be more than 12 m. But at the same time, if the owner. the building has an adjacent (adjacent) to the house wall, the distance between their entrance doors must be at least 7 m.
  2. The distance from the fence to the shed with the inventory should be more than 1 m, from the fence to the house, a pigsty - not less than 4 meters.
  3. The water flow from the roof should be carried out to the owner’s site, and not to the neighbor’s site or to the passage (path) between adjacent sites.

It is necessary to make a path from the house to the shed, which will provide ease of movement. It will be useful and good lighting shed, regardless of the features of its operation.


The choice of materials for construction

The selection of materials for the construction of the shed should be based on their practicality, durability, thermal conductivity and cost. The most popular solutions include:

  • brick and cinder block;

They guarantee the reliability and durability of the building, but they require large financial expenditures, the construction of a solid foundation.

  • tree;

Wooden frames are simple in construction, with proper processing can serve for many years. At the same time, it is possible to sheathe a wooden frame not only with wood, but also with metal.

  • foam block;

Unlike bricks, it is easy to transport and use (which significantly reduces costs). Allows you to build a warm hozblok, but needs competent protection from moisture.

  • metal structures.

They guarantee quick assembly of the shed, are easy to maintain, durable. True, they need additional weatherization.

Build a barn with a wood frame with your own hands

Since the most common version of the sheds are wooden frame structures, it can be considered one of the best. The availability of materials makes it easy to build a reliable structure with your own hands. In addition, under a wooden shed (even with a metal lining) does not need to pour a solid foundation. This feature allows you to save both time and money to build an object. To guarantee a long service life of the building, it is necessary to first prepare the wood: process it with an antiseptic. Additionally, it is recommended to perform fire-impregnation treatment. Such compositions will eliminate the risk of burning a wooden frame in a force majeure situation. It is also worth taking care of proper ventilation. This will ensure good preservation of the tree. Below we consider all the stages of the construction of such a shed for storing tools and garden tools.


Required materials and tools

Mandatory materials for creating a reliable foundation for any building are crushed stone, sand and cement. Additionally, asbestos pipes and fittings or bricks are used for the foundation. For the construction of the straps and the erection of the framework, a timber with a cross section of at least 10x10 cm will be required (for solid construction it is recommended to choose a timber with a section of 15x15 or 20x20 cm). A floor or decking board, about 2-3 cm thick, can be used as a floor covering. The casing can be made of profiled sheet or wood materials: boards, slab. Sheathing can also be carried out. For work, you will need a chainsaw or circular saw (for fitting materials), a screwdriver and screws on wood. Wood treatment requires antiseptic and fireproofing.


Shed Base - Do I Need a Foundation?

A small frame-type shed of wood is lightweight, so it can actually be erected without a solid foundation. But at the same time the distance from the ground to the object itself should be about 20-40 cm. This requirement is based on the need to prevent the contact of the tree with the ground and increase the shelf life of the wood. The most suitable type of foundation for a frame shed will be a columnar. Its elements should be located at every corner of the building. Also the auxiliary pillars are located at a distance of 0.5 m from each other under the future walls of the building. You can build a columnar foundation using one of the following technologies:

  • Out of brick.

Pit depths of about 90 cm are dug. A cushion of rubble and sand is laid on the bottom. Top of the bricks with the use of concrete mortar, built columns. If the central part of the pillars remains hollow (with special laying of bricks), then it is poured with concrete.

  • Asbestos pipes.

Under each pipe a hole is dug at 1 m depth. Laid cushion of rubble and sand. Armature is installed inside the pipes, concrete solution is poured. The outer part of the pipe, rising above the ground, is covered with mastic or bitumen.

We lay logs and install floorboards

The construction of a reliable and durable wooden frame begins with the impregnation of all wood building materials with antiseptic and fire-resistant impregnations. After you can proceed to the immediate assembly of a wooden floor:

  • Foundation pillars are covered with roofing felt. The timber on the perimeter of the future shed is laid out. In the corners, elements can be connected with brackets, bolts, into a groove (additionally fixed with nails).
  • Lags are installed inside the bottom strapping - transverse boards positioned upwards with an edge. They are fastened to strapping and additionally fixed with nails. The step between the lags will be 20-30 cm.
  • A board of OSB or plywood is nailed over the lag (for the woodsmen, this step can be skipped). The task of auxiliary materials is to achieve maximum floor reliability.
  • A floor board about 2 cm thick is nailed on top of the “draft” floor.

Frame assembly

Making the frame for each wall is carried out separately, taking into account the location of windows and doors. Vertical supports at a distance of 60 cm are perpendicularly nailed to a single board (bottom trim). At the top, vertical supports are cut at an angle for fastening the top trim under a single-pitch roof. For the device window between adjacent vertical supports nailed a pair of horizontal boards. Between them and the window frame will be located. After each wall is assembled, the workpieces are exposed strictly along the edge of the previously assembled floor and are nailed to it. Additionally, the adjacent walls are fastened with brackets. For vertical supports and "limiters" of the window, you can use a board with dimensions of 10x5 cm. But for arranging the doorway, strapping is better to use boards of 15x5 cm.

Laying rafters for the roof

Due to the preparation of the top trim in the process of assembling the walls, the work on the installation of a shed roof will be simple and fast. Prepared building materials must be treated with an antiseptic and only then used. The installation of the truss system for a shed roof is carried out according to the following scheme:

  1. Across the top trim straight-up, the installation of plank-kontrabridki. They can be fixed in different ways: by nailing with a pair of nails or securely fastened with special clips.
  2. Mounted crate of similar boards, but they will be placed not the end, and the side up. The pitch between the elements of the batten can be from 30 to 40 cm, depending on the type of roofing materials chosen. Fixed crate with nails or screws on the tree.
  3. If necessary, installation of steam and waterproofing.

Roofing - choice of materials

For a lean-to roof of the barn does not need a lot of material. That is why the owners can not be limited to a budget roof. Suitable finishing options for the roof of the hozblok include:

  • slate;

Allows you to quickly and easily perform roofing work, refers to the cheapest roofing materials. True, it is short-lived and, moreover, will not be able to complement the beautiful exterior of the building.

  • metal tile;

A good and fairly inexpensive option, allowing you to get a beautiful and practical structure. Long service life - one of the main advantages of such material.

  • shingles.

Expensive building material with a distinctive design, ideal for the roof of the shed. It will help not only protect it from precipitation for many years, but also exclude the occurrence of strong noise during the rain (it is very important for poultry houses and pigsty). However, under the shingles necessarily need to install plywood or OSB plates.

Sheathing buildings

Initially, you need to determine the conditions in which the barn will be operated. In regions with high humidity, severe winters, it is necessary to carry out the lining of economic blocks with wear-resistant metal siding or clapboard, slabs. In warm regions, to provide a rustic design for decoration (which will persist after many years), a croaker (sidewalls from a log) or old wooden sleepers will do. Cheap and practical sheathing of the barn can be ordinary boards, which in the future the owners will be able to paint to your liking. Also, the usual board can simply be covered with stain and varnish. In any case, on top of the frame, you first need to fill plywood or OSB boards.

Before covering the shed wood materials, they must be treated with antiseptic. Reprocessing will have to be carried out in 2-5 years.

Capital building of foam blocks

Working with the construction of a barn from the foam block does not require the special skills of the contractor, so every owner will be able to build such an object. The advantage of the finished hozblok will be quite low thermal conductivity: it will not freeze much due to the special structure of the foam block. The presence of air inside this building material ensures the maintenance of high temperatures inside the building. Foam blocks are ideal for keeping poultry and small livestock. But in order to guarantee the preservation of the structure, it is imperative to take care of reliable protection of foam blocks from moisture. Direct contact with rainwater and snow will lead to a very rapid destruction of building material. Also, owners should be well thought out drain. The presence of a mini canopy around the walls, as well as the diversion of water 0.5 or more meters from the building, will guarantee its long service life.


Select the type of foundation and pour it

Despite the relative lightness of foam blocks, there should be a reliable base under the building of this building material. The best option would be a strip foundation. Correctly build it will help our step-by-step instruction:

  1. Marking the site (location of the building), harvesting trenches with a depth of 50 to 100 cm (preferably about 70).
  2. Backfilling of sand, gravel and rubble at the bottom of a trench. The total thickness of the pillow should be about 15 cm.
  3. Installation of wooden formwork inside the trench.
  4. Strapping reinforcement and its installation inside the formwork. The distance from the cushion, as well as from the formwork to the reinforcement, should be at least one cm.
  5. Pouring concrete solution. Periodic watering of the poured concrete (1-2 times a day) with a small amount of water to prevent it from drying out and cracking.

Laying foam blocks - we build walls

Between the made foundation and the walls of the building it is necessary to lay waterproofing. An excellent solution would be laying the roll of roofing material in 2 layers. After that, you can proceed to the direct construction of walls. The laying of the foam block is similar to the laying of ordinary bricks. But at the same time to create the most reliable structure, it is recommended to use a special cement-sand mortar (the ratio of cement to sand is 1 to 4). Slaked lime, a plasticizing additive are added as additives (additives should be no more than 5% of the volume of cement). Water is also required to dilute the mixture. In the process of forcing the walls is to take care of the availability of window and door openings.

Roof mounting

After the construction of the walls and solidification of the solution, you can proceed to the construction of the roof. Over the walls to create a competent waterproofing laid out a layer of roofing material. Next is the calculation of the Mauerlat - timber, which is the basis of the future roofing. For a mauerlat, a bar with a cross section of 15x15 cm is usually used. The step between adjacent elements is about 30 cm. The mauerlat is fixed using bolts. Next is the assembly of truss feet. Each pair of rafter legs is an angle, each assembled corner is fixed on the transverse bar. The step between the truss legs should be 30 cm. The finished structure is installed on the power plate. In the upper part, the ridge board is additionally attached to the truss feet to create a solid and reliable construction. Next, lathing of truss legs and installation of plywood (as a leveling base under the roof) or the selected roofing material is performed.

Warming and finishing of buildings

Warming of buildings from foam blocks is carried out for additional protection of a structure against cold. Prolonged exposure to low temperatures can lead to destruction of the material. To make a high-quality insulation of the shed of the foam block, you need to consider the following requirements:

  1. Warming should be carried out inside and outside (preferably under the ceiling).
  2. Insulation additionally must be protected from moisture.
  3. Insulation should be safe and reliable, ensure normal air circulation and be vapor permeable.

The best option is foam or polystyrene foam, which are easily attached to the foam block. Also suitable for work and penofol (foamed polystyrene foamed) or mineral wool. The latter, however, is better to use for outdoor work. Finishing inside can be done with different materials: wood plates, clapboard, board. Exterior finish is best done using clapboard or siding.

Features of the construction of the barn of the profiled sheet

The construction of a barn from a professional sheet is carried out quite quickly and at the same time allows you to get a reliable hozblok. The construction work is performed as follows:

  1. Determination of the optimal size of the barn, preparation of the site for it. Digging a trench is 5 cm larger on each side than the size of the barn.
  2. Digging in the corners of the pit pit with a depth of 70 cm. Filling sand, rubble, installation of metal struts or square pipes.
  3. Filling corner pieces with concrete (sand to cement ratio 3 to 1).
  4. Filling the foundation (the remaining non-flooded site, which will be both the foundation and the floor).
  5. Installation of the frame under the single-pitch roof: appropriate cutting at an angle of a pair of racks, welding them with auxiliary profiles.
  6. Fixing corrugated to the frame as walls and ceiling + separate fabrication of the wall with a doorway and installation of the wicket from the profiled sheet and profile frame


Ready sheds hozbloki for giving

In addition to erected sheds, there are mobile models made of metal and plastic - change houses. Their advantage is the ability to use immediately after installation. But they are suitable only for the organization of a warehouse for firewood, storage of inventory and tools. Each of these types of objects has its own characteristics:

  • Metal change houses.

Include framework from a channel and a covering from a professional flooring. Additionally, it can be insulated with foam. The advantage of such sheds is reliability and durability. По желанию из подобных объектов можно соорудить двухэтажный хозблок. Минусами таких сараев является дороговизна, сложность транспортировки.

  • Пластиковые сараи.

Представляют собой сборную конструкцию, напоминающую пластиковые домики для детских площадок. They have an average price, but at the same time have a small weight, which eliminates the need to manufacture the foundation for them. True, these models can not be called environmentally friendly. In addition, in harsh regions (with frosty winters or very hot summer) plastic sheds will not be able to serve for a long time.


What to consider when building sheds for birds and animals

The main requirement for the construction of a cattle shed is the proper organization of proper ventilation (if necessary and heating), compliance with the requirements for the size of the building. For example, for one hen the size of a chicken coop per square meter is considered normal. meter for ducks and geese - 2 square meters. m for each bird. In addition to such a shed you can attach an aviary. In the barn where cows, pigs, goats or horses will be kept, other regulations apply. One cow should be allocated a pen with a size of 6 square meters. m, per pig - 5 square meters. m. For the construction of wood is used, because the animals will gnaw the crossbar pens. Prerequisite is the presence of windows that will ensure the adequacy of natural lighting and ventilation of the room. The floor is made of concrete and planks with the organization of special gutters. It is with their help that individual pens will be cleaned.


Conclusion

You can build modern barns at your summer cottage or near a residential cottage from different materials. For work fit wood, brick, metal, foam blocks. Depending on the type of building materials chosen, the optimal type of foundation is determined. It will ensure the reliability of the construction and eliminate problems with the freezing of the floor or its gradual destruction due to contact with the ground. With a special arrangement of internal space, you can create the right conditions for the maintenance of birds and livestock. Before embarking on the direct construction of the facility, it is recommended to draw up a project for the site and select the optimal location for the economic unit. Careful preparation and selection of materials will guarantee the reliability and durability of the finished shed.

Watch the video: How To Build A Shed By Yourself DIY (March 2024).

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