Drawings of the house from the sketch to the finished project

Drawings and projects are drawn up to control the construction and finishing processes - from the beginning to the very end. The plan is made with the help of architects, authorized bodies or personally. In the latter case, nothing prevents to seek help. There are ready-made options for all cases: for large and small objects, of all shapes, with different internal planning. The scheme (figure) and the project should be distinguished. The first is a schematic designation of the entire object or some of its parts, as well as the adjacent territory. The project also includes not only the above data, but also statements of consumption of materials, the cost of certain types of work and many other indicators. All kinds of information necessary for the construction and preparation of the building are brought into it. Projects are both two-dimensional and voluminous.

The need for the project and drawings of the house

According to the law, it is possible to build private houses with or without a project. However, the experience of people competent in this field shows that having a project is crucial at the construction stage. Without it, the work becomes more complicated, and failures appear in the algorithm of actions and their accuracy. It becomes even more difficult if there is no scheme of the structure and cost estimate. Moreover, the project and sketches, even those created independently, will save on the services of engineers and architects. Understanding in all aspects will not work out, but everyone can master the basics of designing simple houses. Special programs have also been developed for drawing up plans.

Projects help to calculate the consumption of materials, describe the parameters of rooms and buildings, choose the ideal place for doors, windows and balconies, determine the purpose of the premises and the functionality of buildings. A detailed plan is needed to calculate the design of the foundation and roof. It plays a key role in laying and selecting a location:

  • heating;
  • water supply;
  • septic tank;
  • cesspool;
  • ventilation.


How to make a project - the preparatory stages of creating a drawing

First of all, the purpose of the future construction is taken into account: it will become a place for country rest or permanent housing. Before starting the drafting of the project should take into account the number and needs of all the people for which the building is intended. Personal preferences are negotiated in advance. It is recommended to choose a quiet place away from the roadway. The construction of housing is divided into stages, with appropriate fixation in the sections of the project.

First, a sketch is created. Then the architectural and constructive sections. Behind them, the engineering and technical lists are prepared and then it is the turn of the creation of drawings for the finishing / design section about the corresponding stage of work. Before creating the main sketch should make sketches. Then on the basis of the main drawing of the house are drawn more detailed. They will become the basis for displaying even more detailed planning.

What to consider when drawing up the scheme of the house

To make a plan, it is necessary to determine the number of floors in a building, the roof variant, the exterior, including the number of window openings, balconies and loggias. It should be possible to arrange the terrace and attic. All these elements need to be displayed in longitudinal and transverse sections, together with the structural qualities and the necessary materials. Take into account the features of the site under the house, including the location, orientation to the cardinal points, topography, soil features. From them depends on the optimal internal layout, primarily the location of the premises. The number and configuration of rooms is selected based on the number of residents and the age of each of them.

The main priority in drawing up the scheme is the functional utility. Space should also be provided to accommodate builders and other workers. It is advisable to leave space on the plan: once it can be “filled” with an additional garage or guest house.

Some functional elements that it is better to foresee:

  • workshop;
  • cabinet;
  • greenhouse;
  • winter Garden;
  • sauna;
  • pool;
  • gym.

Large rooms need additional heating!

Features of the project at home - drawings as a basis for planning

Drawings help to roughly represent the final appearance of the building: inside and out. It makes no sense to rush to create the final version of the sketch. It is better to spend a lot of time and anticipate more nuances. The drawings can be adjusted over and over to new ideas, taking into account further activities in the area and inside the building. You can even provide for the completion of the floors.

In the schemes, the first thing to do is indicate their number, as well as the type of the upper tier. The roof is flat and sloping, and under it can be located attic. Inside are planned zones: working, cooking, recreation, etc. Outside are utility rooms, extensions, gardens, common areas. Territories with similar functional load are located close to each other. All the above aspects are at the heart of the design of ready-made plans. Each finished project is a variant with a full set of necessary devices and functions.


What is included in the structure of the project house

Before starting the independent drafting of a project, it is necessary to understand its role, first of all, the purpose of each section. The detailed plan is mainly a guide for carrying out different types of work, according to existing standards and personal preferences. The document is endowed with a controlling function: for the consumption of materials, costs and quality of work. The size of the rooms and openings, the location of the stairs, the configuration of the roof, the basement, the basement, the floors and the attic are entered into the building plan.

Sections of the project are conventionally divided into two parts: architectural, construction and engineering. The first of them includes drawings of facades and detailed architectural schemes. There necessarily indicate the parameters of length, distance, spacing, section parameters, area and volume of premises and nodes. As for the second part, it collects drawings of the ventilation, heating, sewage and plumbing systems, as well as the scheme of the electrical grid.

The project also includes cost estimate documentation, without which it will not be possible to arrange the house as real estate!

List of required architectural drawings of the house with dimensions

These include architectural and construction sketches:

  • ground floor plan;
  • second floor;
  • basement and mansard (if any);
  • truss construction;
  • transverse and longitudinal cuts.

Architectural sketches provide for the application of accurate parameters, general characteristics of a residential building, ancillary buildings, parts of buildings and individual structures. Plans are drawn up for each floor, with a clear indication of the functional role, be it residential, technical, utility or storage space. On papers, the area and all linear dimensions are indicated.

The location of windows and doors with appropriate dimensions, intervals and distances are applied here. Will need and plan a frame construction of the roof. At the same time, all rafters and other elements of the system are displayed. The drawing should be accompanied by a table with the specification of the details of this design. The roof plan is formed separately, with an indication of the dimensions and angles. The location of the hatches, chimneys, ventilation and the lycarn is also displayed. Additionally, diagrams of cuts of spatial zones are made - from the base to the roof. Requires at least 5 such drawings, made from different sides.

Drawings of the house in cross section and the image of the facades from different sides

Section drawings are transverse, longitudinal and vertical directions. They are designed to determine the height of rooms on different floors, the depth of the basement or basement, the angles of inclination of various parts of the roof. Creating a project is impossible without sketches of all facades. For the house of the usual configuration, there are drawings of 4 different sides: the front, the back and the front. Thus, the following sheets are added to the documentation: Front facade, Rear side of the building, Side facade No. 1, No. 2. A table with a specification of various elements, including windows and doors, will add this information.

The schemes of the sides of the house are a peculiar correspondence of the simplified plan of the house and the initial sketches. That is why drawing up simple plans through computer programs will not cause difficulties even for those who have not used them before. Design, however, requires the involvement of specialists in different directions in construction. Of fundamental importance is the appearance of the front facade. It should be further discussed.

The schemes specify the parameters, the form, the method of opening and the number of constituent elements of joinery.

Constructive section: how to draw drawings and diagrams of individual elements

The constructive section includes detailed descriptions on diagrams with measurements in millimeters. It is replenished with general plans, as well as with individual drawings of different elements. These include the stairwells, the foundation, floors, elements of the truss system. For the project should specify the features of materials and products for each node. In the foundation drawing, the parameters of the fortification structures, location in the soil and materials for work are displayed. The foundation plan is represented by a general drawing and drawings of longitudinal and cross sections.

Some types of drawings include sections of floor slabs in 2 planes at different elevations: +0.00, +3.00, and +6.00. Complicated assemblies of structural parts are indicated separately. For all nodes are given calculations regarding static and durable. In the section, add tables describing the features and algorithms for the use of crossbars, reinforcing rods and reinforced concrete parts.

Engineering and technical section: drawings of rooms and communications

This section includes electrical equipment, sewage, water supply, heating systems, as well as explanations of calculations. Specification of individual equipment is displayed in the form of tables-transcripts. The engineering part should contain statements about the parts of the building and about the separate and autonomous systems inside the buildings. Waterworks drawings include the layout of communications on all tiers and in the basement. The sewage system is displayed on a similar principle. Often, these two subsections are combined.

Axonometric installation of water supply systems (hot and cold water) is added to the engineering part. The electrical project should contain an indicator of the estimated power of the building, a drawing of the wiring of the lighting and power networks. The installation section is filled with general and floor plans. The technical part of the project also includes information on the location of the electrical and gas installations and the layout of the lightning rod device.

Security alarm system in house plan drawings

Before independent design of the house it is necessary to provide use of the security alarm system. In this case, the development of a separate project is required. The signaling system is based on a structural network of devices for organizing different levels of protection of objects. Work efficiency should be the same throughout the territory.

The project is created in accordance with GOST and SNiP and other regulatory documentation. At the same time, such factors as the function of the room, the area of ​​the object, its design features, the signaling option (sometimes wireless and wired) are taken into account. On the building plan you need to designate a security alarm scheme. Glass breakers, movements, openings, as well as a siren, a reader and a motion detection zone are applied to it. The signaling project is checked and approved by authorized organizations. Then detailed schemas are created.

Related project documentation and construction drawings

The project contains statements about the stages of construction and the conduct of certain types of work. The master plan and detailed drawings are completed with explanatory tables and various annexes. In addition to individual plans that take into account personal preferences and special needs, you will need mandatory documents with key data. Among them - the documentation with a list of finishing and building materials, information about their type, documents describing engineering solutions, information about finances and technical aspects.

Data on height, area, mass and volume in cubic meters (cubic capacity) will be needed. Be sure to compile a description of the functionality of the building. This also applies to documentation with architectural and structural evaluation. On the basis of the project, it is customary to organize a process that includes a certain sequence of construction works and associated financial expenses.

The architectural passport contains:

  1. Copy of the license of the designer;
  2. The plan and schematic images of the roof in the section;
  3. Floor plans;
  4. Coloring exterior walls;
  5. Explanatory note.

Computer programs for designing houses

You can design a house using applications:

  • Google SketchUp;
  • VisiCon;
  • FloorPlan 3D;
  • CyberMotion 3D-Designer 13.0;
  • Home Plan Pro;
  • AutoCad;
  • House-3D;
  • Envisioneer Express.

These tools are intended for modeling three-dimensional architecture, including one-storey and two-storey houses, villas, cottages. As an additional function of the program, you can make a virtual arrangement of furniture. Special plug-ins and extensions of these applications provide visualization of objects. Thanks to this option, you can look at how buildings look from above, in a section, at an angle. In addition, modeling applications allow you to work with layers.

Models can be edited at any time, as well as twisted around its axis or enlarged to view the smallest details. To store different projects, libraries are provided in which you can quickly and easily browse objects. Modern programs also allow you to create dynamic elements. Paid and free applications and online resources are available on the Internet to check the design features with the most realistic parameters.

Conclusion

Designing houses is a complex process with many accurate calculations. Before making a construction plan, all aspects should be discussed several times in order to dwell on any one option. Will simplify the task ready projects. Experts use personal experience to gather in them a complete set of functions that will be useful in specific situations. However, you can design the house yourself, whether it is a building of brick, stone or timber. The project is created in several sections.

Design begins with the creation of a large overall plan. Next are added floor drawings and sections. The building is visualized on each side and inside. Then separate rooms, units and household communications are drawn. You will need to specify the dimensions, at the last stage - to within millimeters. When the foundation, building and roofing projects are ready, it will be the turn of the ventilation, sewage, plumbing and other systems. After that, it remains only to approve the project.

Watch the video: Sketch like an Architect Techniques + Tips from a Real Project (March 2024).

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